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Bone Marrow Transplant

A bone marrow transplant, also known as a hematopoietic stem cell transplant, is a medical procedure performed to replace damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells. Bone marrow is a spongy tissue found inside certain bones, such as the hip, skull, and breastbone. It is responsible for producing blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

There are different types of bone marrow transplants:

  • Autologous Transplant
  • Allogeneic Transplant
  • Syngeneic Transplant

During the procedure, the healthy stem cells are delivered into the patient's bloodstream through a central venous catheter, similar to a blood transfusion. The transplanted stem cells then migrate to the bone marrow, where they start producing new blood cells over time.

Bone marrow transplant eligibility and treatment plans are determined by a multidisciplinary medical team specializing in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Frequently Asked Questions

A bone marrow transplant is performed to replace damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells. It is primarily used to treat conditions such as leukemia, lymphoma, genetic disorders, and immunodeficiency disorders.

The transplant involves collecting healthy stem cells either from the patient (autologous transplant) or a donor (allogeneic or syngeneic transplant). The patient's diseased bone marrow is typically destroyed using high-dose chemotherapy or radiation, and then the healthy stem cells are infused into the patient's bloodstream. The transplanted stem cells migrate to the bone marrow and start producing new, healthy blood cells.

The recovery process can vary depending on the individual and the specific transplant. It typically involves a hospital stay for monitoring and supportive care. Patients may experience side effects such as fatigue, nausea, mucositis (inflammation of the lining of the mouth and digestive tract), and increased susceptibility to infections. Over time, as the transplanted stem cells engraft and start producing new blood cells, the patient's condition improves.

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